london

من طرف lina السبت 21 مارس 2015 - 21:05

London ( ⁱ /ˈ l ʌ n d ən /)^[3] is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.^[4] Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.^[5] London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km²) mediaevalboundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.^[6] The bulk of this conurbation forms the Greater London administrative area (coterminous with the London region),^[7]^[8] london East_london_developer_shaftesbury

london East_london_developer_shaftesbury

^[note^1] governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.^[9]^{[note 2]}

London is a leading global city,^[10]^[11] with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] It is one of the world's leading financial centres ^[16]^[17]^[18] and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.^{[note 3]}^[19]^[20] London is a world cultural capital.^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24] It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals^[25] and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.^[26] London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe.^[27] In2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.^[28]

London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within Greater London.^[29] The region had an official population of 8,416,535 in 2013,^[2] the largest of any municipality in the European Union,^[30] and accounting for 12.5% of the UK population.^[31] London's urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants according to the 2011 census.^[32] The city's metropolitan area is the one of the most populous in Europewith 13,614,409 inhabitants,^{[note 4]}^[33] while the Greater London Authority puts the population of London metropolitan region at 21 million.^[34] London was the world's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925.^[35]